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This list provides references of articles, documents and
books recently arrived at the Cultural Policies Collection.
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Avruch, Kevin
Culture and conflict resolution. - Washington : United States Institute of Peace Press, 1998. - xv, 153 p. - ISBN 1-878379-82-8
This essay sets out to critically examine the use of culture in solving conflicts in the field of international relations, and with a view to conflict resolution training. The author starts by reviewing various conceptions of culture and proposes an alternative one that sees culture as dynamic and derivative of individual experiences. In the second part, he introduces culture to the study of social conflict and conflict resolution, thus outlining the methodological basis. He then critically analyses two different approaches of dealing with cultural differences in conflict resolution. In the final section,
drawing on examples in particular from the Arab-Israeli negotiations, he examines how culture has been used or ignored in some classic conflict resolution techniques, covering negotiation, mediation and other third-party interventions. Concluding, he calls for making better and more productive use of a coherent concept of culture.
Keywords: conflict resolution - cultural aspect - theoretical aspect - international relations - social conflicts - cognition - cultural theory - conflict research
Call number: CP.B.7.2/25
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Council of Europe. Directorate of School, Out-of-School and Higher Education. Division for the European Dimension of Education
The religious dimension of intercultural education : conference proceedings, Oslo, Norway, 6 to 8 June
2004. - Strasbourg : Council of Europe, 2004. - 126 p. - ISBN 92-871-5622-0
This publication reflects the outcome of the European conference "The Religious Dimension of Intercultural Education" which was held in Oslo (Norway) from 6 to 8 June 2004. At the heart of the work are two themes : first, questions relating to the application of a religious dimension to intercultural education in schools, and second, the role and responsibility of decision makers and practitioners.
Keywords: conference report - intercultural education - religions - formal education - religious education - teacher education
Call number: CP.B.7.2/26a
Also available in French:
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Conseil de l'Europe. Direction de l'éducation scolaire, extrascolaire et de l'enseignement supérieur. Division de la dimension européenne de l'éducation
La dimension religieuse de l'éducation interculturelle : actes de la conférence (Oslo, Norvège, 6-8 juin
2004). - Strasbourg : Conseil de l'Europe, 2005. - 142 p. - ISBN 92-871-5621-2
Call number: CP.B.7.2/26b
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Holden, John
Capturing cultural value -- how culture has become a tool of government
policy. - London : Demos, 2004. - 48 p. - ISBN 1-84180-139-9
This essay discusses alternative ways of valuing culture beyond the traditional distinction made between a functional and an intrinsic value of culture. The author starts by describing how cultural organisations in United Kingdom have got used to defend their work in functional terms,
and how culture came to deliver government policy by other means. He then presents the problems of measuring instrumental value, as well as the difficulties of using intrinsic values in arts advocacy. As alternative, he proposes a conceptual framework which seizes the value of culture in a wider and more holistic way, by drawing on ideas from anthropology, economic valuation of intangibles, sustainable environmentalism, and public value systems. At the end, he gives a short outlook, how this paradigm could be used in practice and justify continuing public support. Available online in PDF:
http://www.demos.co.uk/catalogue/culturalvalue.
Keywords: cultural objectives - social impact - economic evaluation - cultural finance - policy making - government policy - measurement - cultural values - value systems - economics of culture
Call number: CP.B.4.1/17
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Lewis, Richard D.
The cultural imperative -- global trends in the 21st century. - Yarmouth : Intercultural Press, 2003. - xxiv, 338 p. - ISBN 1-877864-98-6
This monograph deals with national cultural characteristics and the barriers
they can be in social and business interaction. Although dynamic, culture - in the sense of values, attitudes and beliefs - is deeply rooted in people and determines human behaviour. The author reviews the cultural attributes that are linked to climate and religion. He then classifies the world cultures on a triangular continuum into three main types: linear-active, multi-active, and reactive cultures, and presents the respective attitudes, values and communication styles. He goes on to explain the phenomenon of cultural spectacles, a particular bias in the way people judge themselves and
others. Another concept he introduces are the cultural black holes, un-discussable core beliefs of political or religious origin of such intensity that they distort any other beliefs, values, or set or principles. The final part of the book is
dedicated to the basic differences in cognitive processes between East and West, an analysis of Chinese cultural traits, and a comparative analysis of
Westerners and Asians. The author also discusses cultural problems related to globalisation, processes of cultural adaptation, possible international alliances based on prevailing cultural characteristics, and gives advice on how to absorb cultural shocks.
Keywords: cultural factors - national cultures - value systems - cultural systems - cultural identity - determinism - cultural theory - historic aspect - cultural differentiation - cultural values - intercultural communication - cultural change - climate - religion - cognition - attitudes - acculturation - Islam - China - East West relations - international relations - economic relations - stereotypes
Call number: CP.G.1/47
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Madden, Christopher
"Creativity and arts policy". In: Journal of arts management, law and society Vol. 34 no. 2 (Summer 2004), p. 133-139 (ISSN 1063-2921)
This paper takes a critical look at the concept of creativity in arts and cultural policy. The author points out the differences between the limited notion of creativity, predominant in the general debate and referring just to innovation and invention, and the broader notion of creativity in art which includes on top of these characteristics the causing of emotional and affective effects and covers also tradition. He admits that the reduced understanding of creativity is very fashionable - he calls it a "creativity hysteria" - but cautions against its application in arts policy, as it not only narrows the arts as a field at the expense of traditional art, but also limits potential policy options.
Keywords: creativity - artistic creation - cultural creation - policy objectives - emotions - traditional cultures - cultural theory
Call number: CP.J JAMLS34_2_133-139
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Regourd, Serge
De l'exception culturelle à la diversité culturelle. - Paris : Documentation française, 2004. - 118 p.
(Problèmes politiques et sociaux no. 904, septembre 2004, ISSN 0015-9743)
This reader compiles material on the protection of cultural diversity in international trade. The texts, or extracts of texts (including some translations), have been chosen as significant contributions to the debate;
they document the various steps, opinions and approaches, and clarify the concepts at stake. The responsible author, who arranged and annotated the material, shows how cultural exception as protective clause in international trade agreements has developed into the broader defence of cultural diversity thanks to the work of UNESCO. He stresses the opposite positions between United States who defend the free trade on the one side, and France/Europe on the other. Looking at the challenges, in particular the need to provide a legal basis for the protection of national cultural diversity, the planned international convention is considered a solution. A glossary and complementary bibliography complement the picture.
Keywords: compilation - cultural pluralism - international trade - free trade - protectionism - cultural industry - state aid - dominant cultures - trade policy - historical aspect - government policy - France - EU policy - UNESCO - USA
Call number: CP.B.4.2/32
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Sterngold, Arthur H.
"Do economic impact studies misrepresent the benefits of arts and cultural
organisations?". In: Journal of arts management, law and society Vol. 34 no. 3 (Fall 2004), p. 166-187 (ISSN 1063-2921)
This article takes a critical look at economic impact studies of arts and cultural organisations. Based on multiple examples from the United States, the author presents the logic of economic impact analysis and reveals the misleading nature of studies that use gross rather than net measures of impact. In fact, studies which ignore substitution effects and level-of-analysis effects, do not properly assess the net-addition to spending and thus overstate the impact. Although they may indicate the size and scale of an area's arts spending or a nation's arts industry as a whole, they fail to demonstrate that public funding of arts and culture increases economic growth. Eventually, this type of methodologically flawed evidence discredits the claims of arts advocacy.
Keywords: economic evaluation - cultural organisations - economic analysis - consumption - cultural users - economic growth - cultural tourism - USA
Call number: CP.J JAMLS34_3_166-187
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Throsby, David
"Assessing the impacts of a cultural industry". In: Journal of arts management, law and society Vol. 34 no. 3 (Fall 2004), p. 188-204 (ISSN 1063-2921)
This article deals with the measurement of the economic impact of an entire
cultural industry. The author starts by reviewing some of the principal approaches to the economic analysis of
industries which consider inter-industry relationships, looking in particular at the input-output analysis, but considering also the computable general equilibrium model (CGE). He then presents a transactions model that looks beneath the macro surface and depicts financial flows between stakeholders within and outside an industry in a given time period. He illustrates the model by applying it to the visual arts sector. Parallel to these economic transactions, a second matrix
represents the cultural transactions; in fact, these flows of cultural value are the specific characteristics of cultural industries.
Keywords: cultural industry - economic evaluation - economic analysis - methodology - visual arts - financing - capital flow - cultural dynamics - cultural creation
Call number: CP.J JAMLS34_3_188-204
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UNESCO. Management of Cultural Pluralism in Europe Network; Stockholm University. CEIFO - Centre for Research in International Migration and Ethnic Relations; Dacyl, Janina W.; Westin, Charles (eds.)
Between universal values and unbounded diversity. - Stockholm : CEIFO, 2003. - iv, 410 p. - ISBN 91-87810-46-8
(CEIFO publications ; 90)
(UNESCO World Decade for Cultural Development)
The contributions compiled in this volume illustrate a broad spectrum of challenges involved in the problems of cross-cultural encounters. It includes a presentation of interculturality in UNESCO's work (Stenou), the conceptualisation of European culture as community of values (Banús), as well as case studies from Slovenia and Hungary, France, Sweden, Portugal. Furthermore, Koenig deals with principles of democratic governance in multicultural societies,
requesting a structural context which coordinates universalism and particularism. Romaniszyn analyses the challenges posed by international migration and analyses the viability of a normative framework for the accommodation of immigrants in recipient nations. Muskens provides an introduction into the meaning and analysis of mixed communities. Dacyl's extensive contribution (p. 281-410) discusses the arguments in favour of a set of normative guideline principles for interactions between individuals and groups at the civil society-level. Based on the insight that, parallel to existing rights and entitlements, also human responsibilities are necessary
for the constructive accommodation of cultural diversity, she puts forward the idea of a regulatory mechanism which - similar to a social contract - consists of attitudinal and procedural principles.
Keywords: compilation - cultural pluralism - immigrants - ethnic groups - government policy - theoretical aspect - sociology - cultural objectives - interethnic relations - cultural identity - cultural rights - compilation - value systems - cultural pluralism - multiethnic societies - administration - government policy - social integration - UNESCO - cultural identity - immigration - ethnic conflicts - minority groups - cultural legislation
- cultural rights - responsibility - interethnic relations - civil society - EU countries
Call number: CP.B.7.0/13
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Zach, Lisl
"When is 'enough' enough? -- modeling the information-seeking and stopping behaviour of senior arts
administrators". In: Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Vol. 56, no. 1 (January 2005), p. 23-35 (ISSN 1532-2882)
This article reports on an exploratory research effort which studied the methods of senior fine arts administrators in the identification and acquisition of information for management decisions. The author presents the theoretical framework for information-seeking research, as well as the research methodology in regard to sample selection, data collection and analysis of interviews. The main finding of the study is that arts administrators follow a highly intuitive
procedure and do not engage in a formal - explicitly structured and evaluated - information-seeking process to support management activities. Also, they are "satisficers" going for a good enough option (low level of information) rather than the best possible option, as "maximisers" would do. Such an intuitive approach may be of limited success in situations where the complexity or the potential impact of the task or decision are high.
Keywords: information needs - cultural management - cultural personnel - information retrieval - behaviour - management techniques - decision making - evaluation - information research
Call number: CP.B.1.4/7
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