Galvachers

As for the migration of "flotteurs" and nursemaids, the need of money due to the poverty of Morvan motivates the seasonal move of the carters and their yokes.  Galvachers were hired, from May to the end of November, with their oxen and their cart for transport. 

If they transport essentially wood for work and heating to the ports of the rivers which lead to the Seine and to the Loire, they also transport any kinds of goods: wines from Burgundy, cereals, minerals, building materials or manufactured products.

The area over which this migratory phenomenon extends to the closest areas of Morvan (Nivernais, Berry, Puisaye, Burgundy and Bourbonnais) up to more remote regions (Paris and its neighbourhood, Champagne, Ardennes, Lorraine and Picardy). First localized in the region of Château-Chinon, this original activity concentrated then in the area of Anost, where the hamlet of Bussy, essential path of carters, is considered as the "capital" of Galvachers.

The departure, fixed on May 1st, came along with a gathering to Cô, last innkeeper on the road to Arleuf. A lament of XIX Century testifies to these good-byes: «Let us go, Galvachers, go ahead!  We have to leave our Morvan!  On the road, don't worry; let us drink the brandy at the Côt in Bussy.» The return to home took place in mid-November and the oxen were sold at the cattle fair in Anost on December 1st.

After the second Empire, the emergence of the railroad initiated the decline. The number of migrants have been decreasing gradually until the Great War to then finally disappear.

This rustic cattle breed, the existence of which is intimately connected to this practice, will disappear for the benefit of the Charolais for reasons of market economy.

Morvan

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The oxen of Morvan

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