As for the migration of "flotteurs" and nursemaids,
the need of money due to the poverty of Morvan
motivates the seasonal move of the carters and
their yokes. Galvachers were
hired, from May to the end
of November, with their oxen and their cart for
transport.
If they transport essentially wood for work and heating
to the ports of the rivers which lead to the Seine and
to the Loire, they also transport any kinds of
goods: wines from Burgundy, cereals, minerals, building
materials or manufactured
products.
The area over which this migratory phenomenon extends to
the closest areas of Morvan (Nivernais, Berry, Puisaye,
Burgundy and Bourbonnais) up to more remote regions
(Paris and its neighbourhood, Champagne, Ardennes,
Lorraine and Picardy).
First
localized in the region of Château-Chinon, this original
activity concentrated then in the area of Anost, where
the hamlet of Bussy, essential path of carters, is
considered as the "capital" of Galvachers.
The departure, fixed on May 1st, came along
with a gathering to Cô, last innkeeper on the road to
Arleuf. A lament of XIX Century testifies to these
good-byes: «Let us go, Galvachers, go ahead! We have to
leave our Morvan! On the road, don't worry; let us
drink the brandy at the Côt in Bussy.» The return to
home took place in mid-November and the oxen were sold
at the cattle fair in Anost on December 1st.
After the second Empire, the emergence of the railroad
initiated the decline. The number of migrants
have been
decreasing
gradually until the Great War to then
finally disappear.
This rustic cattle breed, the existence of which is
intimately connected to this practice, will disappear
for the benefit of the Charolais for reasons of market
economy. |